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Noise
Pollution
from:
Columbia
Encyclopedia
Human-created noise harmful to health or
welfare. Transportation vehicles are the worst offenders, with aircraft,
railroad stock, trucks, buses, automobiles, and motorcycles all producing
excessive noise. Construction equipment, e.g., jackhammers and bulldozers,
also produce substantial noise pollution. Noise intensity is measured
in decibel units. The decibel scale is logarithmic; each 10-decibel
increase represents a tenfold increase in noise intensity. Human
perception of loudness also conforms to a logarithmic scale; a 10-decibel
increase is perceived as roughly a doubling of loudness. Thus, 30 decibels
is 10 times more intense than 20 decibels and sounds twice as loud; 40
decibels is 100 times more intense than 20 and sounds 4 times as loud; 80
decibels is 1 million times more intense than 20 and sounds 64 times as
loud. Distance diminishes the effective decibel level reaching the ear.
Thus, moderate auto traffic at a distance of 100 ft (30 m) rates about 50
decibels. To a driver with a car window open or a pedestrian on the
sidewalk, the same traffic rates about 70 decibels; that is, it sounds 4
times louder. At a distance of 2,000 ft (600 m), the noise of a jet
takeoff reaches about 110 decibels—approximately the same as an automobile
horn only 3 ft (1 m) away.
Subjected to 45 decibels of noise, the average person cannot sleep. At
120 decibels the ear registers pain, but hearing damage begins at a much
lower level, about 85 decibels. The duration of the exposure is also
important. There is evidence that among young Americans hearing
sensitivity is decreasing year by year because of exposure to noise,
including excessively amplified music. Apart from hearing loss, such noise
can cause lack of sleep, irritability, heartburn, indigestion, ulcers,
high blood pressure, and possibly heart disease. One burst of noise, as
from a passing truck, is known to alter endocrine, neurological, and
cardiovascular functions in many individuals; prolonged or frequent
exposure to such noise tends to make the physiological disturbances
chronic. In addition, noise-induced stress creates severe tension in daily
living and contributes to mental illness.
Noise is recognized as a controllable pollutant that can yield to
abatement technology. In the United States the Noise Control Act of 1972
empowered the Environmental Protection Agency to determine the limits of
noise required to protect public health and welfare; to set noise emission
standards for major sources of noise in the environment, including
transportation equipment and facilities, construction equipment, and
electrical machinery; and to recommend regulations for controlling
aircraft noise and sonic booms. Also in the 1970s, the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration began to try to reduce workplace noise. Funding
for these efforts and similar local efforts was severely cut in the early
1980s, and enforcement became negligible.
Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition,
Copyright (c) 2003.
Noise Pollution Definition
"Noise pollution can be
defined as unwanted or offensive sounds that unreasonably intrudes into
our daily activities. It has many sources, most of which are associated
with urban development: road, air and rail transport; industrial noise;
neighborhood and recreational noise."
Noise Pollution Source of Information.
Noise pollution
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
"Any man-made sound that penetrates the environment is noise pollution.
Noise pollution can be caused by highways, factories, concerts, or any
other noise source. It can interfere with the natural cycles of animals,
who may change their migration paths to avoid the sound. Perhaps the most
extreme damage caused by noise pollution is the death of marine mammals by
the rupturing of various tissues and organs, brought on by extremely loud
(up to 200 decibels) sound from military SONAR.'
Noise Pollution Reference
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